Zirconia’s characteristic parameters include high melting point, high density, high hardness, good chemical and thermal stability, and excellent biocompatibility.

· Melting point and density: Zirconia has a melting point of up to 2700°C and a density of 5.89 g/mL, which gives it excellent stability and durability in high temperature environments.

· Hardness: Zirconia has high hardness, second only to diamond, which allows it to withstand greater pressure and wear in industrial applications.

· Chemical and thermal stability: Zirconia is inert in physiological environments and has good chemical and thermal stability. Its Tm value is 2953K, which means that it can maintain stable physical and chemical properties under extreme conditions.

· Biocompatibility: Partially stabilized zirconia has good biocompatibility, good compatibility with human tissues, high stability, and is suitable for use in the biomedical field3. ‌

In addition, zirconium oxide also has high fracture toughness and low elastic modulus, which makes it perform well as a grinding medium, and can efficiently perform ultrafine grinding and dispersion. It is widely used in non-metallic minerals, coatings, inks, paints, dyes, titanium dioxide, pesticides, magnetic materials and other industries. ‌

It has a wide range of applications in industry, scientific research and daily life.